PDF Download The Dream of Reason: A History of Philosophy from the Greeks to the Renaissance

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The Dream of Reason: A History of Philosophy from the Greeks to the Renaissance

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Audible Audiobook

Listening Length: 18 hours and 4 minutes

Program Type: Audiobook

Version: Unabridged

Publisher: Blackstone Audio, Inc.

Audible.com Release Date: June 27, 2003

Language: English, English

ASIN: B0000AG128

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

A condensed history of Western Philosophy from the Greeks to the Renaissance. The author has examined primary sources regarding the writings, lives and times of those from the 2500 years leading up to the renaissance who are regarded as the great philosophers of the West, in order to encapsulate what these men and their followers were saying and how they fit into their times, and to deduce from their words just what philosophy is. In the author’s opinion, the history of Philosophy is more the history of a sharply inquisitive cast of mind than of a sharply defined discipline, “a peculiarly stubborn effort to think clearly” in the words of William James.This volume covers a diverse cast of characters from the fifth and sixth centuries BC (the Milesians, the Pythagoreans, Heraclitus, Parmenides, Zeno, Empedocles, Anaxagoras, Democritus, the Sophists) through the Giants of Philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) and their near contemporaries in the 5th century BC to the early middle ages of the pre-Renaissance (Epicureans, Stoics, Sceptics). With the exception of Plato and Aristotle, who found teaching jobs and started Academies that lasted centuries, most of the early philosophers come across as cantankerous elderly vagrants of an argumentative disposition who congregated in public places. Almost all we know of Socrates’ thought is what Plato has him say in various dialogues—he apparently was a master at leading his opponents into contradicting themselves. Plato and Aristotle, on the other hand, were prolific writers and doers who wrote widely on everything (Logic, Ethics, etc. and Science in the case of Aristotle), started the academies that made Athens famous and dominated philosophy until Galileo, Newton and the enlightenment 2000 years later. The importance of these early thinkers was not so much their systems of thought as their struggle to understand their world by reasoning. According to Aristotle the aim of human life is Eudaimonia, which translates as successful, admirable living and all round good fortune leading to a contented state of mind. The age of Aristotle, Plato and Socrates was followed by various competing sects—Epicureans, Stoics and Sceptics being the better known, and finally by the stifling rise of the Christian Church.There was a two-way exchange between philosophy, on the one hand, and the development of science, economics, psychology, mathematics, sociology, etc., on the other hand, over the 2000 years following the Age of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle; an age which saw the collapse of the Roman Empire, the rise of the Christian church and the general collapse of thought as the dark ages swept over Europe. Fortunately, the learning of ancient Europe was preserved and extended in the Arab world until it was rediscovered during the Renaissance in the 14th and 15th centuriesIn 1543 Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) published his account of the earth rotating about the sun, refuting both Aristotle and the doctrine of the Catholic Church. Shortly afterwards, Giordano Bruno, a Catholic friar, was burned at the stake for holding this view. Galileo (1564-1642) agreed with Copernicus about the earth rotating about the sun, disagreed with Aristotle and the Church about heavenly and earthly bodies being subject to different forces and built telescopes to view the heavenly bodies and confirm his theories. Galileo also agreed with Democritus and the Epicureans about the atomistic theory of matter, which was recognized to be in conflict with the Church doctrine which held that when bread and wine were consecrated by a priest that they became transubstantiated into the body and blood of Christ, for which beliefs he was condemned by the Church. God was brought into the atomic theory to placate the Church and allow the development of a mechanical science of nature by Gallileo, Kepler, Descartes and Hobbes to go forward. The best thinkers of the 17th century were struggling with questions of how is mental activity to be described in terms of Democritus’ particles of matter, what is the place of man in a mechanistic universe and what is the place of God, laying the groundwork for Newton.

This is a delightful book. Gottlieb tells the story of western philosophy from the Pre-Socratics to the Renaissance. If this sounds a bit dry, trust me, it's not. Gottlieb writes with a lively style and with a good deal of wit and humor. And, he has a gift for making complex ideas comprehensible to non-specialists. I think one of the book's many strengths is the extensive discussion of philosophy prior to Socrates, a topic that most history of philosophy books summarize in a few pages. Understanding the Pre-Socratics is essential to understanding Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, so the extensive treatment of these thinkers from long, long ago is most welcome. As for Plato and Aristotle, thanks to Gottlieb, I unlearned a number of things I thought I knew. His reading of these two men is fresh and illuminating. The book gets a little lost, I believe, when Gottlieb discusses Medieval philosophy, but I think that's more the fault of Medieval philosophy than it is Gottlieb's. I look forward to reading the sequel. In summary, Gottlieb makes philosophy fun, which it ought to be. Reading about great minds trying to solve humanity's deepest questions is an intellectual adventure. The Dream of Reason is indeed an intellectual adventure, and when I read the last page I felt as if I had taken a most enjoyable trip through time.

Interesting thesis that the development of western civilization had two bursts: One around 400 BC and another around 1700-1800 AD. This book is about the first burst, and his other book on Dream of Enlightenment is about the second. The presentation is a balance between detail and generalization that I really like. I found it interesting that the Greeks posed 5 methods to govern a state and democracy was next to last in desirability. Most of the predicted problems with democracy are exactly what we see unfolding now.

Exceptional. I read Bertrand Russell's A History of Western Philosophy, and while I found it intriguing was a little disappointed that it was less a history, and more of Russell's opinions on philosophies in history (although it was still enjoyable to read, as Russell is a good writer, and has interesting opinions). Gottlieb may have been influenced to write this because of this, as he even mentions Russell's book sometimes within the book.Having said that, I think Gottlieb's book is far superior as a history of philosophy.Now, I know the book to give to people wanting to know more about the History of Western Philosophy: this book. Gottlieb's writing is superb, and the narrative flow works excellently. It is extremely throughly researched and sourced, so that if you want to learn more, you can look at his sources easily. More than that, the tone is respectful and objective, and Gottlieb explains the context as well as the arguments of the ancients. Some ideas are very confusing from a modern persepective, but Gottlieb always does a good job of explaining how the idea came about, what environment the idea lived in, and he tries to give the best gloss to it. This is what we need to do if we are to actually engage in new ideas, or consider new ones.I really, really recommend this book, as it is just full of interesting stories about philosophy, and the interesting people of philosophy. I can't wait to read Gottlieb's next book The Dream of Enlightenment.

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The Dream of Reason: A History of Philosophy from the Greeks to the Renaissance PDF

The Dream of Reason: A History of Philosophy from the Greeks to the Renaissance PDF